Holland, with its charming cities, iconic windmills, vibrant flower fields, and unique natural spaces, offers a multitude of attractions worth exploring. This guide will take you through the essential places in Holland that you should not miss on your trip.
Amsterdam: The Heart of Holland
Exploring Amsterdam and Its Canals
Amsterdam, the capital city of Holland, is renowned for its intricate canal system. The primary canals—Herengracht, Prinsengracht, and Keizersgracht—are all navigable, offering a unique perspective of the city via boat cruises. These waterways, lined with picturesque buildings, epitomize Amsterdam’s charm. Taking a canal cruise allows you to see the city from a different angle, appreciating its architecture and vibrant atmosphere.
The canals of Amsterdam are not just a network of waterways; they are an integral part of the city’s identity. Historically, these canals were built during the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century to manage water and improve transportation. Today, they serve as a beautiful backdrop for the city’s daily life. A canal cruise provides a peaceful escape from the bustling streets, where you can relax and take in the sights of historic warehouses, quaint houseboats, and vibrant cafes lining the waterways. Each canal has its own character, and as you drift along, you get a sense of the layered history and culture that define Amsterdam.
Historical and Cultural Landmarks
The Anne Frank House
A visit to the Anne Frank House is a poignant experience where you can explore the hiding place of Anne Frank and her family during WWII. This museum provides a profound insight into the life of Anne Frank and the Jewish community under Nazi occupation. Walking through the rooms where Anne wrote her famous diary gives a tangible sense of history.
The Anne Frank House is located on Prinsengracht, one of the city’s main canals. The building has been preserved to maintain the atmosphere of the hiding place. As you walk through the narrow staircases and small rooms, you can imagine the fear and hope that filled the lives of Anne Frank and her family. The original diary is on display, and the museum includes exhibits on the Holocaust and the wider context of the war. This experience is both educational and deeply moving, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in history and human rights.
The Van Gogh Museum
Another cultural gem is the Van Gogh Museum, home to an extensive collection of works by the famous Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The museum not only displays his masterpieces but also offers a look into his troubled life and the techniques that defined his art.
The Van Gogh Museum is an artistic treasure trove, housing over 200 paintings, 500 drawings, and 700 letters by Vincent van Gogh. The collection is arranged chronologically, allowing visitors to follow the evolution of his artistic style and emotional journey. From his early works inspired by Dutch peasant life to his vibrant, emotive later paintings, the museum provides a comprehensive view of Van Gogh’s contribution to art. Interactive exhibits and multimedia presentations offer deeper insights into his creative process and the challenges he faced.
The Rijksmuseum
The Rijksmuseum is also a must-see, offering a comprehensive look at Dutch art and history from the Middle Ages to the present. Additionally, the Maritime Museum, featuring a replica of a ship from the Dutch East India Company, and the NEMO Science Museum are perfect for history and science enthusiasts alike.
The Rijksmuseum is the largest art museum in the Netherlands and houses an extensive collection of Dutch art, including masterpieces by Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Frans Hals. The museum’s iconic building, designed by Pierre Cuypers, is a work of art in itself. Inside, visitors can explore galleries filled with paintings, sculptures, and historical artifacts that tell the story of Dutch culture and history. Highlights include Rembrandt’s “The Night Watch,” Vermeer’s “The Milkmaid,” and the extensive collection of Delftware. The museum also features exhibits on Dutch colonial history, naval power, and daily life in the Netherlands through the centuries.
Rotterdam: Modern Architecture and Innovation
The Iconic Cube Houses
Rotterdam, known for its modern architecture, is home to the famous cube houses designed by architect Piet Blom. These innovative structures, built on a hexagonal base and inspired by a forest, provide a unique living experience. Some of these houses are available for rent, and there is even a house museum where visitors can explore the interior design and functionality. Walking through the streets of Rotterdam, you can witness a city that has embraced modernity while retaining its unique character.
The cube houses of Rotterdam are an architectural marvel. Designed in the late 1970s, these houses are tilted at 45 degrees and rest on hexagonal pylons, creating the illusion of a forest of cubes. Each house represents a tree, and together they form an urban forest. Inside, the space is ingeniously utilized, with each cube offering three levels of living space. The Kijk-Kubus, or Show-Cube, is open to the public and provides a fascinating look at how these unique homes function. The surrounding area, known as the Oude Haven (Old Port), is a vibrant neighborhood with cafes, bars, and shops, making it a lively place to explore.
The Erasmus Bridge and More
The Erasmus Bridge, known locally as “The Swan” due to its elegant shape, is another architectural marvel in Rotterdam. Spanning the Nieuwe Maas River, it connects the northern and southern parts of the city. The bridge is not only functional but also a symbol of Rotterdam’s resilience and innovation. Nearby, the Markthal offers a vibrant market experience with a variety of food stalls, shops, and restaurants housed under an impressive arch.
The Erasmus Bridge, completed in 1996, is a striking example of modern engineering and design. Its 139-meter-high pylon supports the 800-meter-long bridge, creating a distinctive swan-like silhouette. The bridge is a vital transportation link and a symbol of the city’s innovative spirit. Walking across the bridge, you can enjoy stunning views of the Rotterdam skyline and the busy port below.
The Markthal, located in the heart of Rotterdam, is another testament to the city’s architectural ingenuity. This horseshoe-shaped building houses a bustling market with over 100 food stalls, shops, and restaurants. The ceiling of the Markthal features a massive, colorful mural known as the “Horn of Plenty,” depicting oversized fruits, vegetables, and other food items. The market is a sensory delight, offering everything from fresh produce and gourmet cheeses to exotic spices and international cuisine. It’s a perfect spot to sample local delicacies and soak in the lively atmosphere.
Kinderdijk: The Land of Windmills
Exploring the Windmills of Kinderdijk
The windmills of Kinderdijk are one of Holland’s most iconic symbols. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, this area features 19 windmills that you can explore on foot, by bike, or by boat. Visitors are allowed to enter two of these historic structures to learn about their inner workings and historical significance. These windmills, dating back to the 18th century, were originally built to manage water levels in the polder and are a testament to Dutch engineering prowess.
Kinderdijk’s windmills are more than just picturesque structures; they are marvels of historical engineering. Built in the 1740s, these windmills were part of a larger water management system designed to prevent flooding in the low-lying polder. Each windmill is equipped with a mechanism to pump water from the surrounding fields into the river, maintaining the delicate balance of water and land. The visitor center provides detailed information about the history and function of the windmills, and guided tours offer a deeper understanding of their importance.
Walking or cycling through Kinderdijk offers a serene and picturesque experience. The landscape, dotted with these towering windmills, provides a perfect backdrop for photography. Boat tours offer another perspective, allowing visitors to glide along the waterways and appreciate the mills from the water. The tranquil environment and the rhythmic turning of the windmill blades create a peaceful atmosphere, making Kinderdijk a perfect place to unwind and connect with nature.
Lisse and Hillegom: The Tulip Paradise
The Keukenhof Gardens
Holland is synonymous with tulips, and the best place to witness their splendor is in the Keukenhof Gardens, located in Lisse and Hillegom. This expansive 32-hectare garden is the largest flower garden in the world, boasting not only tulips but also daffodils and other blooming flowers. With its historic windmills and serene lakes, the Keukenhof Gardens offer a breathtakingly beautiful experience, particularly in the spring. The garden opens its doors for a limited period each year, typically from March to May, when the flowers are in full bloom.
Keukenhof Gardens are a horticultural masterpiece. Each year, more than seven million bulbs are planted, creating a stunning display of colors and patterns. The garden is divided into several themed sections, each showcasing different varieties of flowers and landscaping styles. Visitors can wander through the English landscape garden, the Japanese country garden, and the natural garden, among others. The winding paths, scenic ponds, and picturesque pavilions provide endless opportunities for exploration and photography.
Beyond the visual feast, Keukenhof offers a sensory experience. The fragrance of millions of flowers fills the air, and the sight of endless color fields is almost overwhelming. It’s a place where nature’s beauty is curated to perfection, providing a feast for the senses and a haven for photographers and flower enthusiasts. Keukenhof also hosts a variety of events, including flower shows, cultural exhibitions, and gardening workshops, making it a dynamic and engaging destination.
The Hague: Art and Politics
The Mauritshuis Museum
Art lovers will find the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague indispensable. This museum houses masterpieces such as Vermeer’s “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” Rembrandt’s “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp,” and Jan Steen’s “The Oyster Eater.” After exploring the museum, a visit to the Binnenhof, the political heart of the Netherlands, is a must. Here, the Knights’ Hall, where the monarch addresses Parliament, is particularly notable.
The Mauritshuis Museum is housed in a 17th-century mansion that itself is a piece of art. The museum’s collection focuses on Dutch Golden Age paintings, offering an intimate and immersive experience. Vermeer’s “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” often called the “Mona Lisa of the North,” captivates with its mysterious allure. Rembrandt’s “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp” is a dramatic depiction of scientific inquiry and human anatomy. Each painting in the Mauritshuis tells a story, reflecting the social, cultural, and historical contexts of the time.
The Binnenhof, located nearby, is the oldest House of Parliament in the world still in use. This historic complex has been the center of Dutch politics for centuries. The Gothic Knights’ Hall (Ridderzaal), with its impressive stained-glass windows and wooden ceiling, is used for the annual state opening of Parliament. Exploring the Binnenhof, you can sense the weight of history and the ongoing importance of this political hub.
Scheveningen Beach
A short tram ride from The Hague’s city center takes you to Scheveningen Beach, one of the most popular seaside resorts in Holland. The beach offers a wide range of activities, from sunbathing and swimming to kite surfing and beach volleyball. The pier, with its panoramic wheel and bungee jumping platform, adds to the excitement. The promenade is lined with restaurants, cafes, and shops, making it a lively spot throughout the year.
Scheveningen Beach is a dynamic destination offering something for everyone. In the summer, the beach is a haven for sunbathers and swimmers. The soft sand and clear waters create the perfect setting for relaxation and fun. Water sports enthusiasts can enjoy kite surfing, windsurfing, and paddleboarding, with rental shops and schools available for beginners. The pier, with its iconic Ferris wheel, offers stunning views of the coastline and the North Sea. For thrill-seekers, the bungee jumping platform provides an adrenaline rush with a breathtaking view.
The promenade at Scheveningen is a bustling area with a variety of dining and entertainment options. From seafood restaurants serving freshly caught fish to cozy cafes and vibrant bars, there’s something to suit every taste. The beachfront is also home to cultural events and festivals throughout the year, adding to its lively atmosphere. Whether you’re looking to relax by the sea or engage in exciting activities, Scheveningen Beach is a must-visit destination.
Alkmaar: The Cheese Capital
The Cheese Market
Alkmaar is famously known as the city of cheese, hosting a traditional cheese market on the Waagplein. This market is a major tourist attraction where you can witness the historical process of cheese weighing and trading. The Dutch National Cheese Museum, located in Alkmaar, offers an in-depth look at the history and production of Dutch cheese.
Alkmaar’s cheese market is a vibrant and engaging event that has been held since 1365. Every Friday from April to September, the Waagplein transforms into a bustling market where cheese carriers, dressed in traditional white uniforms and colorful hats, transport large wheels of cheese using wooden barrows. The cheese is weighed, inspected, and traded in a lively spectacle that attracts visitors from around the world. The market is a fascinating blend of tradition and commerce, offering a unique glimpse into the Netherlands’ dairy heritage.
The Dutch National Cheese Museum, located in the historic Waag building, provides a deeper understanding of the cheese-making process and the cultural significance of cheese in Dutch society. Exhibits include historical artifacts, interactive displays, and informative videos. Visitors can learn about different types of Dutch cheese, the methods used to produce them, and the role of cheese in Dutch cuisine. The museum also offers tastings, allowing visitors to sample a variety of cheeses and discover their unique flavors and textures.
Haarlem: A Historic Gem
Discovering Haarlem
Haarlem, considered the historical capital of Holland, is a city rich in history and culture. Founded in the 10th century, it boasts significant landmarks such as St. Bavo’s Cathedral, the Adriaan windmill, the Amsterdam Poort, the Grote Markt square, and the Teylers Museum. Haarlem’s historical charm and architectural beauty make it a captivating destination.
St. Bavo’s Cathedral, with its Gothic architecture, stands prominently in the city center. The Grote Markt, Haarlem’s main square, is surrounded by beautiful buildings and is a hub of activity with markets, cafes, and events. The Teylers Museum, the oldest museum in the Netherlands, offers a unique collection of art, science, and natural history exhibits.
Haarlem’s history is deeply intertwined with its architectural landmarks. St. Bavo’s Cathedral, also known as the Grote Kerk, is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture. Its towering spire and intricate stained-glass windows are awe-inspiring. The cathedral’s interior is equally impressive, with a grand organ that has been played by famous musicians such as Mozart and Handel.
The Adriaan windmill, originally built in 1779, is another iconic landmark. It was destroyed by fire in 1932 but was rebuilt and reopened in 2002. The windmill offers tours that explain its history and function, providing insights into the role of windmills in Dutch society.
The Amsterdam Poort, the last remaining city gate from the medieval period, is a testament to Haarlem’s historical significance. Walking through the gate, you can imagine the city as it was centuries ago, a bustling center of trade and commerce.
The Grote Markt is the heart of Haarlem’s social and commercial life. This vibrant square is surrounded by historic buildings, including the town hall and several beautiful churches. On market days, the square comes alive with stalls selling fresh produce, flowers, and local crafts. The cafes and restaurants around the square offer a perfect spot to relax and soak in the atmosphere.
The Teylers Museum, founded in 1784, is a treasure trove of art, science, and natural history. Its collection includes fossils, minerals, scientific instruments, and paintings by Dutch masters. The museum’s neoclassical architecture and well-preserved interiors provide a glimpse into the Enlightenment era, making it a fascinating place to explore.
The Hidden Courtyards
Haarlem is also known for its hidden courtyards, or “hofjes,” which are small, secluded gardens surrounded by historic houses. These courtyards, originally built to provide housing for elderly women, offer a peaceful retreat from the bustling city. Many of these hofjes are still in use today and can be visited during specific hours.
Haarlem’s hofjes are a unique feature of the city’s urban landscape. These tranquil oases are often hidden behind unassuming doors and walls, revealing lush gardens and charming historic houses. The hofjes were established by wealthy citizens and religious organizations to provide affordable housing for elderly women, creating a sense of community and security.
Visiting a hofje is like stepping back in time. The courtyards are meticulously maintained, with blooming flowers, neatly trimmed hedges, and shaded benches. Each hofje has its own character, reflecting the architectural and social history of the city. Some of the most famous hofjes include the Hofje van Bakenes, the oldest in Haarlem, and the Frans Loenenhofje, known for its beautiful garden and historic buildings.
Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park: A Natural Haven
Exploring the National Park
Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park, covering about six thousand hectares, offers diverse landscapes including moors, quicksands, forests, pastures, and flood plains. This park provides a safari-like experience with its rich natural beauty and wildlife. Visitors can explore the park’s extensive network of hiking and cycling trails, discovering its varied flora and fauna.
Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park is a haven for nature enthusiasts. The park’s varied landscapes support a wide range of wildlife, from deer and wild boar to rare bird species and insects. The dense forests are interspersed with open heathlands and sand dunes, creating a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons.
Hiking and cycling are popular activities in the park, with trails that cater to all levels of fitness and experience. The trails are well-marked and provide opportunities to explore the park’s natural beauty at your own pace. Whether you prefer a leisurely walk through the woods or a challenging hike to the park’s highest points, there is something for everyone.
In addition to its natural wonders, the park is steeped in cultural history, featuring several castles that visitors can explore. This combination of natural and historical attractions makes Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park a must-visit destination for nature and history enthusiasts alike. The castles, such as Amerongen Castle and Huis Doorn, offer insights into the region’s aristocratic past and are set within beautifully landscaped gardens.
Amerongen Castle, originally built in the 13th century, has been meticulously restored and furnished to reflect its historical significance. The castle’s gardens are a highlight, featuring formal lawns, ornamental ponds, and ancient trees. Huis Doorn, once the residence of the exiled German Emperor Wilhelm II, is another fascinating site. The castle and its grounds provide a glimpse into the life of the last German Kaiser and the events that shaped Europe in the early 20th century.
Conclusion
Holland is a country brimming with must-see places that cater to a wide range of interests. From the bustling canals of Amsterdam and the modern architecture of Rotterdam to the historic windmills of Kinderdijk and the vibrant tulip gardens of Keukenhof, there is something for everyone. Art lovers will be enchanted by the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague, while food enthusiasts will relish the cheese markets of Alkmaar and Gouda. The historical city of Haarlem and the natural beauty of Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park further enrich the travel experience. Whether you are drawn to history, art, nature, or gastronomy, Holland promises an unforgettable journey filled with diverse and captivating attractions.